Biblioteka Nauki

1

Functional copper objects and models in funerary context during the Early Dynastic Period

100%

Ségalas B.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

|

2019

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nr 23

132-151

EN

Ever since the discovery of the Predynastic in 1895 by William Matthew Flinders Petrie and James Edward Quibell, great numbers of copper objects have been discovered (fig. 1). However, the study of these objects has been confined to either typological or metallurgical analyses, with seemingly no credence paid to their symbolic aspects (Anfinset 2010; Hassan et al. 2015; Kmošek et al. 2018; Rademakers et al. 2018; Rehren – Pernicka 2014). By combining archaeological and textual data, it is possible today to partly reconstruct the symbolism behind the use of copper objects in funerary context. The aim of this research is to highlight a phenomenon which took place during the transition between the First and the Second Dynasty: the change of the status of copper artefacts found in the tombs. It is possible to see that the size of the objects, and their functionality, changed greatly during this time. Diverse explanations for the phenomenon will be reviewed and a new explanation will be given thanks to a more detailed study of the artefacts and the general context of that time.

2

Non-proportional load conditions

100%

Pejkowski Ł. , Skibicki D. , Burak M. , Piotrowski M.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

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2013

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tom Vol. 8, no 3

57--62

EN

This paper deals with fatigue behavior of pure copper in different load conditions, including complex proportional and non-proportional loads. The material has been chosen due to its potential high sensitivity for nonproportional loads. The aim of this paper is search for relationship between the fatigue life of pure copper and shear stress vector paths in non-proportional load conditions.

3

Adsorption Behaviour of Laprol 2402 C on Copper Electrode

100%

Survila A. , Mockus Z. , Kanapeckaite S. , Samulevičiene M.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2002

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tom Vol. 76 / nr 7

983-991

EN

Voltammetry and EIS were applied to study the adsorption behaviour of laprol 2402 C (the copolymer of ethene and propene oxides) on a Cu electrode in strongly acidic Cu(II) sulphate solutions. Analysis of impedance data was carried out on the basis of adequate equivalent circuits, containing electric analogues of the electrochemical system. The results indicate that laprol displays a rather weak surface activity on copper in chloride-free solutions. Pronounced inhibition of Cu(II) reduction takes place, when micromolar amounts of chloride are added. A more compact surface layer involving Cl- ions is thought to be formed under these conditions.

4

Content of copper and nickel in soils of Vistula river catchment

100%

Skorbiłowicz E. , Samborska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2014

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tom Vol. 15, nr 2

53--59

EN

Metal pollution attracts growing interest mainly due to their toxic effects on the entire natural environment. It is therefore necessary to monitor, not to exceed acceptable standards of elements in ecosystems. Heavy metals in soils are derived from natural and anthropogenic sources. The purpose of this article is to present the contents of copper and nickel in agricultural soils within the Vistula river catchment based on research carried out by the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in the period since 1995 to 2010. The assessment of a degree of soil contamination by these elements according to standards has been also performed. It has been proven that about 91% of agricultural soils in Vistula river catchment shows natural (0°), while approximately 9% higher (Io) copper concentrations. It was found that in the total agricultural area of the Vistula river catchment, soils not contaminated with nickel (0°), with elevated (Io), and weakly contaminated soils (IIo) are respectively 85%, 11%, 4% of the analyzed soils area. There was a significant relationship between the content of copper and nickel in soils and such features as organic matter and pH. Analysis of results confirmed that the highly developed industrial activity affects the increased amount of pollutants in soils; the greatest accumulation occurred in soils of the upper Vistula river catchment, which is caused primarily by interaction of the Upper Silesian Industrial District.

5

A study of the effect of prerelaxation on the nanoindentation process of crystalline copper

100%

Maździarz M. , Young T. D. , Jurczak G.

Archives of Mechanics

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2011

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tom Vol. 63, nr 5-6

533-533

EN

This paper examines how prerelaxation effects the development of the mechanics of a nanoindentation simulation. In particular, the force-depth relation, indentation stress-strain curves, hardness and elastic modulus, are investigated through molecular statics simulations of a nanoindentation process, starting from initial relaxation by: (i) molecular dynamics and (ii) molecular statics. It is found that initial relaxation conditions change the quantitative response of the system, but not the qualitative response of the system. This has a significant impact on the computational time and quality of the residual mechanical behaviour of the system. Additionally, the method of determining of the elastic modulus is examined for the spherical and planar indenter; and the numerical results are compared. An overview of the relationship between the grain size and hardness of polycrystalline copper is examined and conclusions are drawn.

6

A novel α-glucosidase from the moss Scopelophila cataractae

100%

Yamasaki Y. , Nakashima S. , Konno H.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2007

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tom 54

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nr 2

401-406

EN

Scopelophila cataractae is a rare moss that grows on copper-containing soils. S. cataractae protonema was grown on basal MS medium containing copper. A starch-degrading activity was detected in homogenates of the protonema, after successive extraction with phosphate buffer and buffer containing 3 M LiCl. Buffer-soluble extract (BS) and LiCl-soluble extract (LS) readily hydrolyzed amylopectin to liberate only glucose, which shows that α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) in BS and LS hydrolyzed amylopectin. The Km value of BS for maltose was 0.427. The Km value of BS for malto-oligosaccharide decreased with an increase in the molecular mass of the substrate. The value for maltohexaose was 0.106, which is about four-fold lower than that for maltose. BS was divided into two fractions of α-glucosidase (BS-1 and BS-2) by isoelectric focusing. The isoelectric points of these two enzymes were determined to be 4.36 (BS-1) and 5.25 (BS-2) by analytical gel electrofocusing. The two enzymes readily hydrolyzed malto-oligosaccharides. The two enzymes also hydrolyzed amylose, amylopectin and soluble starch at a rate similar to that with maltose. The two enzymes readily hydrolyzed panose to liberate glucose and maltose (1 : 1), and the Km value of BS for panose was similar to that for maltotriose, whereas the enzymes hydrolyzed isomaltose only weakly. With regard to substrate specificity, the two enzymes in BS are novel α-glucosidases. The two enzymes also hydrolyzed β-limit dextrin, which has many α-1,6-glucosidic linkages near the non-reducing ends, more strongly than maltose, which shows that they do not need a debranching enzyme for starch digestion. The starch-degrading activity of BS was not inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid or α-amylase inhibitor. When amylopectin was treated with BS and LS in phosphate buffer, pH 6.0, glucose, but not glucose-1-phosphate, was detected, showing that the extracts did not contain phosphorylase but did contain an α-glucosidase. These results show that α-glucosidases should be capable of complete starch digestion by themselves in cells of S. cataractae.

7

Thermodynamic Properties of Cu-S Solutions

100%

Kucharski M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2018

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tom Vol. 63, iss. 4

1815--1820

EN

A new method for description of thermodynamic properties of Cu-S mixtures is put forward. The basic feature of this method is the assumption that the activity coefficient of sulphur dissolved in liquid copper is equal to 1 for infinite dilute solution (y[S] = 1 for x[S] = 0). In consequence the following relationships were established: 1. The equilibrium constant for the reaction of sulphur dissolution in liquid copper (0.5S2 (g) = [S] Cu ): [wzór]. 2. Non-temperature dependence of the activity coefficient of sulphur dissolved in the copper-reach liquid (Liquid I): lnγ[S] =-18.25 · x[S] . 3. The chemical potential of the sulphur dissolved in copper in infinite dilute solution: [wzór]. 4. Non-temperature dependence of the activity of sulphur in Cu-S sulphur-rich liquid (Liquid II) – Fig. 6. 5. Non-temperature dependence of the activity of copper in Cu-S sulphur-rich liquid (Liquid II) – Fig. 7. 6. The equilibrium constant for the reaction of sulphur removal from liquid copper ([S] Cu + 2[O] Cu = SO2 (g)): [wzór].

8

Department of Geophysics

100%

Jarzyna J. , Dec J. , Wawrzyniak-Guz K.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2016

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tom Vol. 42, no. 2

236--240

9

Comparison of Copper and Cobalt Ions Sorption from Aqueous Solutions on Selected Sorbents

100%

Bożęcka A. , Orlof-Naturalna M. , Korpalski A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2020

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tom Vol. 21, nr 8

84--90

EN

In this paper, the sorption capacity of Norit SX2 activated carbon, ground rice husks and C‑160 ion exchange resin in relation to the Cu2+ and Co2+ ions was compared. The studied sorption processes were described using the Langmuir adsorption model. The C‑160 ion exchange resin was characterized by the highest affinity for both Cu2+ and Co2+ ions. It was shown that rice husk and active carbon are efficient sorbents in diluted solutions. The copper recovery for activated carbon, ion exchanger and rice husk was high. The efficiency of this process was 98.1%; 92.3% and 88.9%, respectively. Reducing the volume of acid used for regeneration allowed the solution to be concentrated and facilitated element recovery. Regeneration for cobalt occurred to a lesser extent.

10

The influence of the manganese and copper on the structure and mechanical properties of ductile cast iron

100%

Doležal P. , Šenberger J. , Musilová I.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Mechanika / Politechnika Opolska

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2007

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tom Vol. 321, z. 89

17-17

EN

The structure of ductile cast iron is formed from graphite and basic metal matrix, which is composed from pearlite, ferrite and alternatively their mixture and other structural components (steadite, inclusion). The cast iron with ferrite matrix is characterized by quite high plasticity, toughness, and good workability whereas the tension strength is lower. The ferrite structure is reached by means of very low content of manganese, phosphorous and perhaps even higher contents of silicon. Higher strength is typical for cast iron with pearlite matrix. Higher additives of manganese and especially cooper promote the formation of pearlite. Alloying by cooper is suitable because ledeburite cannot be formed, as this is possibility for alloying by manganese. The contribution is concerned with the influence of manganese and copper on the structure and mechanical properties of ductile cast iron. The casting wedge blocks with graded content of manganese and copper were used for studying of effect of alloying elements. These castings were used for the metallographic evaluation and determination of the basic mechanical properties. On the base of experiments the correlation among basic mechanical characteristics and structure of DCI (ductile cast iron) matrix in the dependence on the content of manganese and copper was found. The all obtained information can be utilized for optimalization of chemical compounds with regard to requirement properties and for production of ADI alloys.

11

Investigation of effective parameters for molybdenite recovery from porphyry copper ores in industrial flotation circuit

100%

Nakhaei F. , Irannajad M.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2014

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tom Vol. 50, iss. 2

477--491

EN

The Sarcheshmeh copper mine is a significant copper and molybdenum producer. Sampling of the Sarcheshmeh flotation circuit (in a six-month period) showed that a large share of waste of molybdenite took place in rougher cells. Since the rougher cells tailing is transferred to tailing thickener, the main focus of this paper was on this section. In the current study, the factors which influence the recovery of molybdenite and copper were investigated. Molybdenite recovery in the bulk flotation circuit was consistently lower than that of the copper sulphides as well as being far more variable. This paper describes the methodically use of size by size recovery data, quantitative mineralogy, and liberation degree analysis to identify the factors contributing to molybdenite recovery relative to copper in industrial rougher circuit. The results showed that the size by size recovery for both metals in the ultrafine and coarse fractions recovery was reduced. On the other hand, the highest recovery occurred in the intermediate sizes from 27 μm to 55 μm. Molybdenum recovery in the fine and ultrafine and coarse fractions drops off to a greater extent than the recovery of copper. The investigations of degree liberation showed that the recovery of copper sulphides is more dependent on the liberation state of valuable minerals while for molybdenite some other factor splay a significant role.

12

Hydrometallurgical recovery of copper from leach liquor of polymetallic nodules in solvent extraction process

100%

Pospiech B.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2012

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tom Vol. 55, nr 2

777--781

EN

Purpose: Purpose of this paper is to present the possibilities of copper(II) recovery from the synthetic sulphate leach liquor containing cobalt(II), nickel(II) and manganese(II). Design/methodology/approach: The investigations have been undertaken in order to determine the influence of major parameters on the extraction process of copper(II) from the leach liquor of polymetallic manganese nodules. Copper(II) ions were extracted with Kelex 100 and LIX 70 in kerosene. The effect of different parameters such as pH of aqueous phase, extractants concentration in the organic phase, concentration of sulphuric acid as the stripping reagent were investigated. Findings: The optimal conditions of metal ions selectivity extraction have been determined. Over 99% of Cu(II) can be effectively extracted with 5% Kelex 100 and 10% LIX 70 at pH of 2.0 from model leach liquor in the presence of Co(II), Ni(II) and Mn(II), while less than 10% of the other metals is transported to the organic phase. The selectivity of Cu(II) extraction over Co(II), Ni(II) and Mn(II) with Kelex 100 depended upon the acidity of aqueous solution and the selectivity increased with decreasing of pH in the feed solution. Separation of Cu(II) from these metal ions is very effective. Cu(II) can be recovered successfully from the loaded organic phase with Kelex 100 through stripping with 2.0 M H2SO4. Practical implications: The results can be used during the hydrometallurgical recovery of metals from nodules on the industrial scale. Originality/value: The study on the solvent extraction of Cu(II) using LIX 70 and Kelex 100 from leach liquor of polymetallic manganese nodules has not been reported yet. Conducting this research is therefore the most reasonable and necessary.

13

Nowe gatunki i technologie wytwarzania materiałów na bazie miedzi do specjalnych zastosowań

100%

Głuchowski W.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne Recykling

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2019

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tom R. 64, nr 11-12

31--37

14

Thermal characterization of copper thin films made by means of sputtering

100%

Szeloch R. F. , Posadkowski W. M. , Gotszalk T. P. , Janus P. , Kowaliw T.

Materials Science

|

2003

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tom Vol. 21, No. 3

339-343

EN

Copper thin films have been deposited onto Corning glass substrates by means of two kinds of DC magnetron sputtering. The goal of this research was to study differences in thermal characteristics of both kinds of the films. The differences between these layers originate from the technological processes; one of them employs an inert gas -- argon -- in the vacuum chamber, and the other is the so-called "pure" self-sputtering. Thermal characterization of the layers was performed using the scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) as well as a far field thermographical system.

15

Parameters Selection for Electropolishing Process of Products Made of Copper and its Alloys

100%

Maciąg T. , Wieczorek J. , Węcki B.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2017

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tom Vol. 62, iss. 3

1443--1447

EN

Electropolishing is electrochemical method used in metal working that has a vital role in production of medical apparatus, in food or electric industry. The purpose of this paper is to determine optimal current parameters and time required for conducting electropolishing process from the perspective of changes of surface microgeometry. Furthermore, effect of different types of mechanical working used before electropolishing on final surface state was evaluated by observation in changes of topography. Research was conducted on electrolytic copper and brass. Analysis of surface geometry and its parameters (Ra, Sa) was used as criterion describing efficiency of chemical electropolishing. Results of the experiment allow for current parameter optimization of electrochemical polishing process for selected non-ferrous alloys with preliminary mechanical preparation of the surface.

16

Perspektywy zastosowania miedzi w elektromobilności i nowoczesnych gałęziach przemysłu - mit czy potrzeba czasu

100%

Kulasa J.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne Recykling

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2019

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tom R. 64, nr 11-12

14--21

17

Generalities of Cu2+ sorption by Ukrainian salty coals.

100%

Shendrik T. G. , Simonova V. V. , Lyubchik S.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Chemii i Technologii Nafty i Węgla Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje

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2002

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tom Vol. 10, nr 57

217-222

EN

The structure and composition transformations during long time sorption of copper ions from Cu(Ac)2 solutions by salty coals of Ukraine were investigated. The instrumental techniques used in the sorption mechanism study included XRD and IR spectrometry. Formation of new crystal phases after copper sorption was detected. Due to their disordered structure and high content of functional groups, salty coals are efficient sorbents for polyvalent cations. The possibility for non-energetic usage of investigated coals was shown.

18

Morphology and properties of the graphene layer on the copper substrate

100%

Pietrzak K. , Olesińska W. , Strąk C. , Siedlec R. , Gładki A.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2015

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tom Vol. 17, nr 4

104--108

EN

The aim of the work presented in the article was to clarify controversial comments about anti-corrosion and mechanical properties of graphene coatings, deposited on copper substrates. It was designed special experimental cycle comprising: preparation of graphene forms and copper, the observation of layers Cu / GO (rGO) after the thermal reduction processes and oxidative test in air at 150°C temperature and 350 h in time. The resulting coatings and graphene layers were subjected to tribological test for hardness. The observed differences in the continuity of the coverage copper surface by graphene forms, allowed to understand the macroscopic effect of increased hardness and wear resistance layers rGO/Cu.

19

Sweat lead and copper concentrations during exercise training

100%

Tomasz Saran T. , Magdalena Zawadka M. , Stanisław Chmiel S. , Anna Mazur A.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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2018

|

nr 1

14-19

EN

Introduction. Skin is the largest organ of the human body. It plays an important role in protection against harmful substances found in the surrounding environment and takes part in the elimination of heavy metals from the body by sweating. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in the concentration of lead and copper in the sweat collected on the first and the fourteenth day of endurance training. Materials and methods. The research included 43 patients undergoing a supervised, two-week endurance training on a cycle ergometer and cross-trainer. The lead and copper contents were presented in relation to the sodium content as an indicator of the amount of excreted sweat. Results. The lead concentration in relation to the sodium content in the samples of sweat taken with the use of swabs is statistically significantly higher on day 1 (Me = 1.64-E-4) than the 14th day (Me = 0.37-E-4) p = 0.027. In the sweat samples collected with a plaster, the lead concentration on day 14 of rehabilitation (Me = 0.08-E-4) is statistically significantly lower than before the beginning of the training cycle (Me = 1.19-E-4) p = 0.044. The concentration of copper in sweat samples collected with swabs and patches on day 1 of the rehabilitation cycle does not significantly differ from the content of samples collected on day 14. Conclusions. Endurance training with submaximal heart rate results in reduced excretion of lead in the sweat and does not significantly affect the level of copper. Further research into the impact of physical effort on the excretion of metals from the body can help explain the results13

20

Treatment of Copper-Contained Jewellery Wastewater by Precipitation and Adsorption Using Rice Husk Charcoal

100%

Tuas M. A. , Masduqi A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

tom Vol. 20, nr 4

94--103

EN

The wastewater from the jewellery industry generally contains a large amount of metal. Metal removal can be done with many techniques, including precipitation and adsorption. Precipitation is done to convert the metal content from the dissolved phase to a solid that is easily precipitated. Generally, precipitation is unable to separate one hundred percent of metal content, so further processing is needed, i.e. adsorption. This research was done by using rice husk which is an agricultural waste in Indonesia. The rice husk is burnt to charcoal, then activated with acid. A SEM-EDX analysis was conducted to obtain a surface description of rice husk charcoal before and after use in the adsorption process. The results showed that the copper content in the jewellery wastewater can be adsorbed with a 40-50 mesh rice husk charcoal and the adsorption process follows the Freundlich isotherm model with R2 value of 0.9625.